Suicide Solution Essay Essays - Suicide Prevention, Depression

Self destruction Solution Essay Suicide.....a major issue that has no sweeping arrangement. The premise of this article is to expound on the answer for an issue. In my case, the ?issue? is suicide...and in self destruction there is no genuine ?arrangement?. There are numerous approaches to help one who is self-destructive, and various safety measures, for example, hotlines, guiding, and programs. Drugs that you can endorse to them additionally can help. Other than that, it's practically up to your adoration and backing to keep them alive. Some hotlines, and sites that help with individuals are Advocates Counseling, Teen Suicide Help, and there are numerous others that exist. These individuals who work for these hotlines, and the advocates out there are instructed to help individuals who are languishing from profound sadness, and self destruction. They don't need to be suicidal...they may very well have profound despondency, and since that is one of the fundamental driver of self destruction, they are there to assist them with adapting to their downturn so that later on they don't need to see self destruction. The specific sites that are out there gracefully individuals with heaps of realities what's more, data about self destruction itself. It reveals to them the causes and impacts, and furthermore how to get the solidarity to acknowledge you have a issue, and to connect for help. Two or three the meds that are recommended to patients by specialists and clinicians are prozac, and serzone. Prozac has had more than 9 years of experience around the world, and more than 7 years in the U.S.. It is recommended for more than 16 million patients around the world, endorsed in finished 75 nations, one of the world's most altogether considered prescriptions, also, is shown for the treatment of despondency. Serzone (deductively known as nefazodone HCI) makes you feel less blue, what's more, progressively such as yourself, feeling less on edge, getting a goodbye's rest, feeling progressively quiet, more in charge, less ?nervous?, having the option to concentrate, and having more enthusiasm for additional exercises. In numerous cases being on these specific drugs has helped heaps of individuals to beat their infection, and move on. The third, and last ?arrangement? for self destruction is fundamentally the adoration and support from loved ones. Generally when individuals are this discouraged, it is on the grounds that they are feeling torment. They have lost somebody, or feel lost themselves. Being overlooked, disliked, being overlooked or being left out...these are for the most part potential purposes behind an individual to get self-destructive. They simply need to realize that their life is worth living, and that there are individuals out there who love and care about them, and who need them to remain alive. Taking everything into account, there are numerous methods of rewarding and assisting with self destruction, however there is no arrangement. Each individual is extraordinary, in this way each self destruction case will be unique, with various requirements, and various causes. In the event that I could reveal to you an answer for comprehend self destruction, and put a conclusion to it I would be one of the most popular individuals on the planet. I can reveal to you the approaches to help diminish the quantities of individuals who end it all every year. That itself is arrangement enough. Watch each move you make, and each word you state. Be pleasant to other people, what's more, give them you love them. For example, you're strolling down the lobbies when you see somebody that watches worried and discouraged. At that point as you stroll by them, they drop their books. You stop to help them get them and simply converse with them, and state howdy. Who knows, you may be accomplishing more than getting their books...you could be sparing their life.

The Future of Computer Crime in America Essay Example For Students

The Future of Computer Crime in America Essay The Future of Computer Crime in AmericaSociology Research PaperSociology per. #210/8/96Sociology Topics:Future SocietySocial ChangeSocial and Enviromental IssuesDeviant BehaviorCrime/CorrectionsName: Brandon RobinsonPeriod: # 2The multiplication of home PCs, and of home PCs prepared withmodems, has realized a significant change in the manner in which American societycommunicates, associates, and gets data. These progressions beingpopularized by the media and the wide expanded individual and private division useof the Internet. These elements in addition to the reality of increasingly more businessand government organizations are hopping to utilize these administrations hasput an a lot more extensive scope of data at the fingertips of those, frequently selectand scarcely any people whom realize how to get to, comprehend and use theseinformation sources. Intermittently today this data is of a very sensitiveand private nature on anything from IRS Tax returns, to Top Secret NASA payloadl aunch data. Heaped on that multiple occasions the people accessingthese data sources are doing as such by unlawful methods and are regularly motivatedby freak and illicit methods. It is said that at some random time the averageAmerican has his name on a functioning record in more than 550 PC informationdatabases of which about 90% are on the web, and of the 550 databases the numbercomes no where near what number of time your own data is recorded insome database in an unactive document. The Average American could basically sit inhis/her home doing almost nothing throughout the day and still have his/her name gothrough more than 1,000 PCs every day. We will compose a custom paper on The Future of Computer Crime in America explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now These immense data documents all hold the essential ones and zerosof information that make up your life as you and all others know it. These databits, at the hands 100,000s of individuals. With practically zero focal control orregulatory office to administer the protected treatment of your valuable minimal ones andzeros of data. As it would appear Arson Wells was minimal late with histitle of 1984 . Elder sibling is INDEED WATCHING, US ALL and as it would seemour BIG BROTHER is alot greater then Mr. Wells could have ever envisioned. What's more, thatour BIG BROTHER is EVERYWHERE! The 100,000s of individuals that do have thisinformation make up our cutting edge BIG BROTHER as governmentinstitutions to private promoting organizations, these individuals are all thetrusted ones who utilize our data ordinarily for legitimate and helpful purposesbut shouldn't something be said about the other people who utilize their aptitudes and information to pick up theirown individual and illicit acce ss to these immense safes of information?These people advanced and belittled by the media are frequently alluded toas Hackers or One who acquires unapproved if not unlawful, access to computerdata frameworks and additionally arranges. or on the other hand the media definition maladjusted losersforming innovative road groups that are perilous to society (Chicago Tribune,1989) Which ever one is best fitted they are in fact turning into a very seriousissue and stress to some in our ever and continually changing American TechnoSociety. On account of the genuine delection by our chosen agents whomhave valiantly by and by neglected to stay aware of the regularly evolving occasions, thereis if any major or clear and straightforward CONSTITUTIONAL (The ongoing 3to 1 over turn of the questionable as well as regarded UNconstituional lawculled the Communications Decency Act) laws with regards to the administering of the vastlywild and strange domains of the internet. The glaring and genuine if notslightly ludicrous endeavors of our innovatively uneducated and ignorantmasses of chose authorities. Sends a reasonable S.O.S. message to the futuregenerations of America to LOCK you PHYSICAL DOORS as well as LOCK anddouble LOCK all or your COMPUTER DOORS too. All together for this general public toevolve effectively with our consistently changing innovation rate. We as the majority aregoing to need to stay up to date with the recent developments that are sneaking out inthe profundities of the internet. Prior to we, because of our failure to adjust andour self-importance and obliviousness, are for the most part results of our own mechanical overindulgence. So to stay away from the unfortunate and consummation impact of our own selfmanufactured mechanical implosion and the separate of our society,in each unmistakable angle, as we are aware of it today. .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .postImageUrl , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:hover , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:visited , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:active { border:0!important; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:active , .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u36d29ef a58870e8be8b0875010f14784 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u36d29efa58870e8be8b0875010f14784:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Critical Thinking EssayI accept that later on we are going towards you will see oursociety separated into Two significant parts 1.) Those whom represent the information andcapability to get the information/data i.e.. the LITERATE and 2.)Those who dont represent the aptitudes important to get that crucialknowledge/data, i.e.. the ROAD KILL Because later on, the powerstructure won't be chosen by who has the most firearms or rockets or weaponsbut the forces structure will be comprised of minuscule ones and zeros, bits ofdata providing for those whom ever represents the intensity of the information and the force tomanipulate who has that information. The rich and elitist will be theknowledge frauds and providers and poor people will be those with the need ofknowledge. Information will bring influence and riches and the absence of willbring..well the absence of influence, riches and information. Sources1.Thesis by Gordon R. Meyer The Social Organization of the ComputerUnderground2.2600 Magazine The Hacker Quarterly3.The Codex Magazine Monthly Security and Technical Update. 4.Secrets of a Super Hacker by the Knightmare5.Personal Knowledge, Brandon Robinson

Longstreet, James

Longstreet, James Longstreet, James, 1821â€"1904, Confederate general in the American Civil War, b. Edgefield District, S.C. He graduated (1842) from West Point and served in the Mexican War, reaching the rank of major. At the outbreak of the Civil War he resigned from the U.S. army and became a Confederate brigadier general. He took part in the first battle of Bull Run and in the Peninsular campaign. His creditable performance at the second battle of Bull Run (1862), at Antietam, and at the battle of Fredericksburg led to his promotion (Oct., 1862) to lieutenant general. In 1862â€"63 he held a semi-independent command S of the James River, returning too late to aid General Lee at Chancellorsville. He commanded the right wing at Gettysburg (1863), where his delay in taking the offensive is generally said to have cost Lee the battle (see Gettysburg campaign ). He fought at Chickamauga in the Chattanooga campaign and unsuccessfully besieged Knoxville (1863). Returning to Virginia in 1864, he disting uished himself in the Wilderness campaign , where he was wounded. Longstreet participated in the last defense of Richmond, surrendering with Lee at Appomattox. After the war he settled in New Orleans, became a Republican, and held a number of federal posts. He criticized Lee's conduct at Gettysburg harshly and was long unpopular in the South. As a general, he is considered to have been a poor independent commander and strategist but an excellent combat officer. His opinions on the war are expressed in his From Manassas to Appomattox (1896, repr. 1960). See G. Tucker, Lee and Longstreet at Gettysburg (1968); W. G. Piston, Lee's Tarnished Lieutenant: James Longstreet and His Place in Southern History (1987). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

King Of Jazz Louis Armstrong - 1617 Words

Kang Sun *20355591 Clint Rohr Jazz History 30 March. 2015 King of Jazz - Louis Armstrong At the mention jazz music, that person will first think of is likely to be a great figure with a clown image, nicknamed Satchmo. The man was Louis Armstrong. He is a husky singer, often with a trumpet in his hand. He played dramatic works of simple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazz music what Bach is to classical music, Presley is to rock music (Berrett 230). This essay will have an introduction of the king of jazz music -- Louis Armstrong and his great influence on jazz history. It could not be examined when and by whom Jazz music was found. People began hearing jazz music in the early 1900s. It originated from the American in New Orleans city and Jazz founders were mostly black people. At the beginning, only the black played this music, but they did not put down the music. The time was hard and unsuitable for white musicians learn the new music. But after a while, they began to play jazz too. This kind of music was widespread across the country from New Orleans along the Mississippi River to Chicago, and then to Kansas City and New York (Edwards 618-649). In the middle 1920s, there appeared a lot of black and white jazz musicians. They are distinguished players, of which there was a champion and a star, Louis Armstrong. An Louis Armstrong s careerShow MoreRelatedKing Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong1617 Words   |  7 Pages*20355591 Clint Rohr Jazz History 30 March. 2015 King of Jazz - Louis Armstrong At the mention jazz music, that person will first think of is likely to be a great figure with a clown image, nicknamed Satchmo. The man was Louis Armstrong. He is a husky singer, often with a trumpet in his hand. He played dramatic works of simple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazz music what BachRead MoreEssay on Louis Armstrong: The King of JAzz928 Words   |  4 PagesLouis Armstrong: The King of JAzz Known as the King of Jazz, Louis â€Å"Stachmo† Armstrong was one of the most important figures in early jazz. He was said to have defined jazz music. Only Charlie Parker comes close to having as much influence on jazz as Louis Armstrong. Armstrong was born on July 4, 1900 in New Orleans. He grew up singing on the streets of New Orleans at a young age and had a troubled childhood. At the age of twelve he was placed in the Waif’s Home For Boys for firingRead MoreImportance of Louis Armstrong1568 Words   |  7 PagesLouis Armstrong Louis Armstrong was the greatest of all Jazz musicians. Armstrong defined what it was to play Jazz. His amazing technical abilities, the joy and spontaneity, and amazingly quick, inventive musical mind still dominate Jazz to this day. Only Charlie Parker comes close to having as much influence on the history of Jazz as Louis Armstrong did. Like almost all early Jazz musicians, Louis was from New Orleans. He was from a very poor family and was sent to reform school when he was twelveRead MoreLouis Armstrong Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesLouis Armstrong Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on August 4, 1901 to Mayanne and William Armstrong. His father abandoned his family during Louis infancy. Louis spent the first years of his life with his grandmother, Josephine Armstrong. After age five, Louis moved back with his mother and his sister, Mama Lucy. The family was forced to live in stark poverty. Louis got into some trouble when he was just 12 years old and was placed in the Waifs Home for Boys. It wasRead MoreLouis Armstrong and His Music Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong and His Music â€Å"The essence of jazz- making something new out of something old, making something personal out of something shared- has no finer exemplar than Armstrong.† (Hasse par. 3) During the 1920’s a young African American man, otherwise known as Louis Armstrong, helped create and represent a new twist on popular music. This music that became so famous and well loved today is also referred to as jazz. Louis Armstrong had a very successful jazz career performing and composingRead MoreLouis Armstrong : An Era Of Fast Beat And Improvised Style1121 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920s, also known as the Jazz Age, was an era of fast beat and improvised style. Jazz was one of the many things which helped to symbolize the decade’s spirit of freedom (Digital History). The roots of Jazz music go back as far as slavery in the 1600s. As Africans were taken from their homes and forced to come to North America, they were able to keep many of their traditions, one including music (Janu ary, Brendan, and Francois Roca). Through the years, African music styles combined with EuropeanRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Jazz : Comparison1270 Words   |  6 PagesJephthe Renelique Professor Moring 20th Century Humanities February 25 2015 Louis Armstrong and Jazz Between the years 1910 and 1920 the first great migration of African Americans from the Jim Crow South to the more urban and modernized sent shockwaves throughout African American community and culture. Isabel Wilkerson states in her book the warmth of other suns â€Å"Six million black Southerners moving out of the terror of Jim Crow to an uncertain existence in the North and Midwest. (Wilkerson 56)Read MoreLouis Contributions Of The Jazz Music Scene993 Words   |  4 PagesStyle Louis made many contributions to the evolution of jazz as he learned and adapted his style. His use of harmonies and improvisation was before his time and he helped shape the whole genre as it was evolving. His technique with his trumpet playing and how the sound played off of the other instruments was unparalleled at the time. His contributions and techniques play a large part in changing jazz music from a folksy sound to more of the swing sound we attribute to the genre today. Armstrong hadRead MoreLouis Armstrong Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesLouis Armstrong He was born in the south at a time when a black boy could expect nothing but to grow up, work hard at the lowest jobs all his life, and hope somehow, somewhere manage to stay healthy and get a little out of life.(P.1 Collier) Get a little out of life Louis did, a pure genius he revolutionized Americas first true form of art, jazz. Doing a paper on Louis Armstrong has been enjoyable to do and the information that is available on Armstrong is endless. So much that this paperRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Greatest Jazz Artist1087 Words   |  5 PagesLouis â€Å"Satchmo† Armstrong One of the greatest in Jazz music history Louis Armstrong, a man of many talents and skills his occupation ranging from singer, film star, soloist, comedian, bandleader, and most importantly a jazz trumpeter with his thrilling performances; being recognized as one of the greatest jazz artist in history. Louis Armstrong is considered one of the most influential jazz artists capturing the people’s attention with his â€Å"daring trumpet style and vocals†. Developing his skills

Change in Human Development and the Minds Birth of Creativity

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to the theme: change in human development and the minds birth of creativity. *Searching life on other planets *Technologies advancing Chapter 2.: Early tools of technology that shape mankind *human weather adaptations *Curing diseased for future generations *Space travel and human repopulation * human migration from earth Chapter 3 In this chapter we talk about planets and the galactic scale. Galactic encounter *Type1 planets *Type2 planets *Type 3 Planets Chapter 4 This is an overview of human evolution *Study current theory about human evolution, and human variation * Human genetics, and the interplay between the environment, *Human biology, and culture. Chapter 5 Global currency Medicine and global economy exploring human life. Animals and plants in the near future. CHAPTER 6 The evolution of the modern human brain Biological changes in the brain and its wiring understanding human social behavior before the human minds big bang Chapter 7. planetary Evolution Cultural forces surpassing biological forces in determining human evolution Changes in human lifestyle over the past 70 years Advanced in science and technologies. Authors REFLECTIONS- This course was a wonderful experience and it taught me a lot upon Biological (or Physical) Anthropology is the study of human races, origins,Show MoreRelatedMary Wollstonecraft s A Vindication Of The Rights Of Woman1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthey want equality they must change their ways and habits. It is sort of like if you can’t beat them, join them. Wollstonecraft states that, â€Å"†¦men who, considering females rather as women than human creatures, have been more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (17). Regardless of what women do there will always be men who will continue to degrade and discourage rational, intelligent, and freethinking women. Humans have been around for thousandsRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality Theories1124 Words   |  5 Pages Diana Maxwell BEH /225 6/19/2015 Prof. Christina Gonzalez Many psychologists have formed important theories regarding personality. Some of these theories are still relevant to our world today. These theories have helped form humans and they have also changed the way we think and the way we do things. There are many different forms of personality theories that have shaped the world for us: Biological, Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Humanist, Trait, etc. Biological theories are based on genetics andRead MoreSocial Development : Learning The Values, Knowledge And Skills896 Words   |  4 PagesSocial development involves learning the values, knowledge and skills that allow children to connect with others effectively and to participate in positive ways to family, school and the community. This kind of learning is transferred onto children directly by those who care for and teach them, as well as indirectly through social relationships within the family or with friends, and through children’s contribution in the culture around them. Through their relationships with others and their growingRead MorePsychology and Human Behavior Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology and Human Behavior What makes people behave the way they do? Can anyone analyse 12 billion brain cells to determine how and why the mind functions the way it does?How is it that people being similar in physiological termsRead MoreMontessori and Its Effect on Our Lives7951 Words   |  32 Pageswork for the development of individuals and improving the traditional education system. Table of Contents Conventional Knowledge and Education 5 Chaos Theory and Montessori 6 Contribution of Modern Science 8 Creativity and Imagination 10 Role of Thinking 11 Broader View of Knowledge Transfer 12 The Four Planes of Development 13 Infancy (0-6 years) 14 Childhood (6-12 years) 15 Adolescence (12-18 years) 15 Maturity (18-24 years) 16 Education Phases of Development 17 Inter-dependenceRead MoreThe Decline Of Gothic And Romanesque Art1569 Words   |  7 Pagesfurther and create beauty once more. As Italy explored new forms of art and explored new ways to express human creativity, the rest of Europe kept the international gothic style. New discoveries during the fifteenth century proved the world was more ample than previously believed and excited the ambition of Renaissance men. But to expose this beauty, artists employed more than colors and creativity. Therefore, in the early 15th century, they began to explore perspective and other mathematical conceptsRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesOverview: Throughout history many individuals and groups have affirmed the inherent value and dignity of human beings. They have spoken out against ideologies, beliefs and practices, which held people to be merely the means for accomplishing economic and political ends. They have reminded their contemporaries that the purpose of institutions is to serve and advance the freedom and power of their members. In Western civilization we honor the times and places, such as Classical Greece and Europe ofRead MoreSigmund Freud and Alfred Adler1426 Words   |  6 Pagestheories, compare and contrast their ideas of personality development, explore what types of experiences contributes to unhealthy development and what types of interventions they would have each prescribed to patients experiencing difficulties in their lives. However, while both Freud and Adler continue to influence many areas of contemporary personality psychology, only one of them can truly be called a humanitarian. Personality Development Freud believed that an individual’s personality is formedRead More intelligence Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesdevise a way to reveal the level of intellect animals or humans possess. However this quest might not have a definitive answer. Intelligence therefore should be considered to be a broad and elusive concept with many distinct aspects to it. 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Impact of the Construction Industry to Its Nation Free Essays

string(40) " of the construction sector as a whole\." Abstract Construction sector and construction activities are considered to be one of the major sources of economic growth, development and economic activities. Construction and engineering services industry play an important role in the economic uplift and development of the country. It can be regarded as a mechanism of generating the employment and offering job opportunities to millions of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled work force. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of the Construction Industry to Its Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also plays key role in generating income in both formal and informal sector. It supplements the foreign exchange earnings derived from trade in construction material and engineering services. Unfortunately construction sector is one of the most neglected sectors in Kenya. Although the construction sector has only a 2. 3 percent share in GDP, its share of the employed labor force was disproportionately large at 6. 1 percent in FY07. The construction sector is estimated to have grown by 17. 2 percent in 2006-07 as against 5. 7 percent of last year. The higher demand for construction workers is also reflected in a continued double-digit rise in their wages since FY05. Their wages increased by 11. 1 percent in FY07. Keywords: Construction Sector, GDP, Causal Relationship, Co-integration. 1. Introduction The construction industry plays an essential role in the socio economic development of a country. The activities of the industry have great significance to the achievement of national socio-economic development goals of providing infrastructure, sanctuary and employment. It includes hospitals, schools, townships, offices, houses and other buildings; urban infrastructure (including water supply, sewerage, 280 drainage); highways, roads, ports, railways, airports; power systems; irrigation and agriculture systems; telecommunications etc. It deals with all economic activities directed to the creation, renovation, repair or extension of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvements of an engineering nature. Besides, the construction industry generates substantial employment and provides a growth impetus to other sectors through backward nd forward linkages. It is, essential therefore, that, this vital activity is nurtured for the healthy growth of the economy. The main purpose of this study is to see whether growth in construction industry actually caused the economic increase or, alternatively, did economic expansion strongly contribute to construction growth instead? 1. 1 Global Distribution of Construction Output and Employment: Globally, c onstruction industry is regarded as one of the largest fragmented industry. An estimate of annual global construction output is probably closer to U. S $ 4. 5 trillion in 20041. The construction industry is also a prime source of employment generation offering job opportunities to millions of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled work force. Global picture of construction output and employment in developing and developed countries can be seen in table -1 below. It can be seen from the table-1 that total construction output worldwide was estimated at just over $3,000 billion in 1998. Output is heavily concentrated (77 per cent) in the high income countries (Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australasia). The contribution of low and middle income countries was only 23 % of total world construction output (ILO Geneva2001). The data in employment situation table 2 tells a rather different story so far as employment is concerned. It can be seen that there was an excess of 111 million construction workers worldwide in 1998 and most of them were in the low- and middle-income countries. The distribution of construction employment is, in fact, almost the exact reverse of the distribution of output. The high-income countries produce 77 per cent of global construction output with 26 per cent of total employment. The rest of the world (comprising low- and middle-income countries) produces only 23 per cent of output but has 74 per cent of employment (ILO Geneva2001). ———————————————— 1 Source: Engineering News Record, USA 281 1. 2 Construction Industry in Kenya; The housing and construction sector in Kenya plays an important role in developing aggregate economy and reducing unemployment. It provides substantial employment opportunities as it contributes through a higher multiplier effect with a host of beneficial forward and backward linkage in the economy. The sector through linkages affects about 40 building material industries, support investment and growth climate and helps reduce poverty by generating income opportunities for poor household. It provides jobs to about 5. 5 per cent of the total employed labor force or to 2. 43 million persons, (2. 41 million male and 0. 2 million female) during 2003- 04 (Economic Survey 2004-05) Unfortunately the construction sector is one of the most neglected sectors in Kenya. It is at low ebb, which can be judged from the fact that per capita consumption of cement in Kenya is one of the lowest among the developing countries. 2. Literature Review: Construction in any country is a complex sector of the economy, which involves a broad range of stakeholders and has wide ranging linkages with other areas of activity such as manufacturing and the use of materials, energy, finance, labor and equipment. The contribution of construction industry in the aggregate economy of a country has been addressed by a number of researchers and valuable literature available on the linkage between construction sector and other sectors of the economy. Several researchers conclude that the construction sector has strong linkages with other sectors of the national economy. Hirschman (1958) first defined the concept of ‘linkage’ in his work The Strategy of Economic Development. He emphasized the significance of ‘unbalanced’ growth among supporting sectors of the economy as opposed to a balanced development of all interrelated economic activities (Lean, 2001). Park (1989) has confirmed that the construction industry generates one of the highest multiplier effects through its extensive backward and forward linkages with other sectors of the economy. It is stated that the importance of the construction industry stems from its strong linkages with other sectors of the economy (World Bank, 1984). However, interdependence between the construction sector and other economic sectors is not static (Bon, 1988; Bon, 1992). Strout (1958) provided a comparative inter-sectoral analysis of employment effects with an emphasis on the construction. Ball (1965) and Ball (1981) addressed the employment effects of the construction sector as a whole. You read "Impact of the Construction Industry to Its Nation" in category "Papers" Many studies (Fox, 1976; Bon and Pietroforte, 1993; Pietroforte and Bon, 1995) use the strong direct and total linkage indicator to explain the leading role of the construction sector in the national economy. . 1 Construction Industry and National Economy: Construction activities and its output is an integral part of a country’s national economy and industrial development. The construction industry is often seen as a driver of economic growth especially in developing countries. The industry can mobilize and effectively utilize local human and material resource s in the development and maintenance of housing and infrastructure to promote local employment and improve economic efficiency. Field and Ofori (1988) stated that the construction makes a noticeable contribution to the economic output of a country; it generates employment and incomes for the people and therefore the effects of changes in the construction industry on the economy occur at all levels and in virtually all aspects of life. This implies that construction has a strong linkage with many economic activities, and whatever happens to the industry will directly and indirectly influence other industries and ultimately, the wealth of a country. Hence, the construction industry is regarded as an essential and highly visible contributor to the process of growth (Field and Ofori, 1988). The significant role of the construction industry in the national economy has been highlighted by Turin (1969). On the basis of cross section of data from a large number of countries at various levels of development, Turin (1969) argued that there is a positive relationship between construction output and economic growth. Furthermore, as economies grow construction output grows at a faster rate, assuming a higher proportion of GDP. In a recent article Drewer returns to the ‘construction and development’ debate. Using data for 1990 similar to that assembled by Turin for 1970, he shows that global construction output has become increasingly concentrated in the developed market economies. He goes on to argue that this new evidence does not support Turin’s propositions. The issue of concern here is whether the construction sector and the aggregate economy are fragmented or mutually dependent, and whether construction activity contributes to economic growth and /or vice versa. Studies have shown that the interdependence between the construction sector and other economic sectors is not static but changes as the nation’s economy grows and develops 2. 2 Tools for Measuring Strength of Linkage: Two analytical tools, which most widely used for measuring the strength of the linkage, sector vise economic performance and production interdependence and to analyze economic relationships, are: (i) Leontief’s (1936) Input–output analysis and ii) The new econometric methodology developed by Engle and Granger Bon (1988) is one of the few researchers who applied the concept of Leontief input-output matrix to the construction industry. He considered the input–output technique to be ideal, for it provides a framework with which to study both direct and indirect resource utilization in the construction sector and industrial interdependence. He also found that the input–output tool can be used for studies of the construction sector in three broad aspects: employment creation potential, role in the economy, and identification of major suppliers to the construction industry. Rameezdeen et al, (2006), also used input283 output table to analyze the significance of construction in a developing economy and its relationships with other sectors of the national economy. With the popularity of the new econometric methodology presented by Engle and Granger, many modeling studies related to economic and financial issues have applied this new technique to analyze economic relationships. Green (1997) applied the Granger causality test to determine the relationship between GDP and residential and non-residential investment, using quarterly national income and gross domestic product data for the period 1959–1992. His results showed that residential investment causes, but is not caused by GDP, while non-residential investment does not cause, but is caused by GDP. He concluded that housing leads and other types of investment lag the business cycle (Lean, 2001). Tse and Ganesan (1997) is also used the same econometric technique (Granger causality test) to determine the causal relationship between construction flows and GDP using quarterly Hong Kong data from 1983 to 1989. They found that the GDP leads the construction flow and not vice versa. 2. Research Objective: The objective of the present paper is to examine the specific lead lag relationships between construction flow and gross domestic product (GDP). For obtaining this goal we will use annual data for construction sector and economic GDP of Kenya from 1950 to 2005. Granger causality methodology is commonly applied to investigations on the relationships among money supply, stock prices and inflation, but very few researchers tested the lin kages between the construction sector and the aggregate economy using this method. Here we will use the same approach to identify whether there is a unidirectional or bidirectional causal relation between construction sector and economic growth in the case of Kenya. In addition, we will use unit root tests to examine the stationarity of both series (construction sector and GDP) and co integration test will use to find out the existence of long run relationship between these variables. It is a powerful concept, because it allows us to describe the existence of an equilibrium or stationary relationship among two or more time series, each of which is individually non- stationary. . Methodology: A simple statistical and econometric analysis will be used to know the general properties of data and to see the relationship among variables of interest like construction sector (LCNS) and aggregate economy of Kenya (LGDP). This study uses time series annual data (1950 to 2005) to demonstrate the causal relationship between construction sector and GDP in Kenya. A time series i s a sequence of values or readings ordered by a time parameter, such as hourly and yearly readings. When time series data is used for analysis in econometrics, several statistical techniques and steps must be undertaken. First of all unit root test has been applied to each series individually in order to provide information about the data being stationary. Non-stationary data contains unit roots. The existences of unit roots make hypothesis test results unreliable. If the data are non-stationary, then frequently stationarity can be achieved by first differencing (Granger and Newbold, 1986) that is, obtaining the differences between the current value and that of the previous period. Once stationarity is determined, structural modeling of the variables or testing for causality can take place. The causality test aims to verify whether historical variations of the construction data follow or precede the GDP. To test for the 284 existence of unit roots and to determine the degree of differences in order to obtain the stationary series of LGDP and LCNS, Augmented Dickey- Fuller Test (ADF) has been applied. If the time series data of each variable is found to be non-stationary at level, then there may exists a long run relationship between these variables, LGDP and LCNS. Johansen’s (1988) co-integration test has been used in order to know the existence of long run relationship between these variables. A series is said to be integrated if it accumulates some past effects, such a series is non-stationary because its future path depends upon all such past influences, and is not tied to some mean to which it must eventually return. To transform a co-integrated series to achieve stationarity, we must differentiate it at least once. The number of times the data have to be differenced to become stationary is the order of integration. If a series is differenced d times to become stationary, it is said to be integrated of order I(d). However, a linear combination of series may have a lower order of integration than any one of them has individually. In this case, the variables are said to be co-integrated. The following section presents the results of the simple descriptive statistical analysis and then unit root analysis to study the stationarity of GDP and construction flow. Accordingly, we employ Granger causality methodology to investigate the lead lag relationships between the construction flow and the GDP. . 1 Data and Descriptive Statistical Analysis: The annual data for the period 1950 to 2005 is being used for empirical analysis. Construction industry flows (LCNS) and Gross Domestic Product (LGDP) data in local currency is employed to analyze the dynamic relationship between GDP and construction sector. All the variables are expressed in natural logarithms so that they may be considered elasticity of the re levant variables. We examine the contemporaneous correlation and check for the evidence of Granger causality between these two variables. Table-3 presents summery statistic of the data and table- 4 tell us that there is a strong correlation between construction sector and GDP of Kenya during 1950 to 2005. Annual observations of GDP and construction sector are taken from Handbook of Statistics of Kenya Economy, 2005 and various issues of Economic Survey of Kenya. Table 3 Descriptive statistics LCNS LGDP Mean 8. 605299 11. 98993 Median 8. 996238 11. 90110 Maximum 11. 87699 15. 62865 Minimum 4. 976734 9. 126524 Std. Dev. 2. 184803 2. 082374 Skewness -0. 140903 0. 195506 Kurtosis 1. 651252 1. 664931 Jarque-Bera 4. 429918 4. 515697 Probability 0. 109158 0. 104575 Observations 56 Apparently as the government is geared to enhance rural development in its development agenda, the construction industry faces the daunting task to be part of the development philosophy. The construction industry has to ensure that it has the capacity to deliver development projects as per the needs of the government and in the time scale specified. Many a development projects are in the pipeline, most notable, road projects, schools, police and teachers’ houses, boreholes, among many others. The construction industry would add value to the country’s development agenda through successfully undertaking the said projects. Certainly, the construction industry loses credibility, trust and reputation in the eyes of the publics if projects it undertakes do not live to the expectations of the people. The government’s rural development project could further spur the growth of indigenous construction companies which will in the end trickle-down economic benefits to the country and the citizens. The mushrooming of indigenous construction firms with capacity to handle large scale jobs will save the country from losing forex as most projects will be handled locally, hence requiring no need for forex to pay international construction firm. This could certainly write a new chapter in the history of the construction industry in the country. As the small construction firms will be developing they will certainly be competing for construction jobs in other countries within Africa and possibly beyond. This could make the construction industry a reliable partner in bringing into the country the required forex. The exposure of the construction industry abroad could as well play the ambassadorial role of marketing services that Malawi can offer in Africa and beyond. If one sector successfully storms the international market, other sectors stand an easy chance as they actually ride on the success of the pioneer service provider. References Anaman K. A and Amponsah. C, (2007). Analysis of the causality links between the growth of the construction industry and the growth of the macro economy in Ghana, Institute of Economic Affairs, Accra, Ghana Ball, C. M. 1965) Employment effects of construction expenditures, Monthly labour Review, 88, 154- 158. Ball, R. (1981) Employment created by construction, expenditures, Monthly labour Review, 104, 38-44. Bon, R. (1988). Direct and indirect resource utilization by the construction sector: the case of the USA since World War II, Habitat International, 12(1), 49–74. Bon, R. (1992). The future of international construction: secular patterns of growth and decline. Habitat International, 16(3), 119–28 Census and Statistics Department of HKSAR (1985–2002) Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, Census and Statistics Department of HKSAR, Hong Kong. Bon, R. and Pietroforte, R. (1990) Historical comparison of construction sectors in the United States, Japan, Italy, and Finland using input-output tables, Construction Management and Economics, 8, 233- 247. Bon, R. and Pietroforte, R. (1993) New construction versus maintenance and repair construction technology in the USA since World War I. , Construction Management and Economics, 11, 151–62. Bon, R. , Birgonul, T. and Ozdogan, I. (1999) An input– output analysis of the Turkish construction sector, 1973– 1990: a note. Construction Management and Economics, 17, 543–51. Chen, J. J. (1998) The characteristics and current status of China’s construction industry, Construction Management and Economics, 16, 711-719. Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979) Distributions of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427- -31 Drewer, S (1997) Construction and development: Further reflections on the work of Duccio Turin. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Construction Industry Development, Singapore 9- 11 December. Engle, R. F. and Issler, V. 1993) Estimating Sectoral Cycles Using Co integration and Common Features, Working Paper No. 4529, National Bureau of Economic Research. Field, B. and Ofori, G. (1988) Construction and economic development – a case study. Third World Planning Review, 10(1), 41–50. Fox, L. P. (1976) Building construction as an engine of growth: an evaluation of the Columbian development plan. Ph. D. dissertation, The University of North Carolina. Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1986) Forecasting Economic Time Series, Academic Press, Orlando, FL. Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1974) Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2, 111–20. Green, R. K. (1997) Follow the leader: how changes in residential and non-residential investment predict changes in GDP. Real Estate Economics, 25(2), 253–70. Harris, R. (1995) Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modeling, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Hassan. S. A. (2002) Construction Industry. (Kenya) published by Economic Review 2002. Hillebrandt, P. (1985) Analysis of the British Construction Industry, Macmillan, London. Hirschman, A. O. (1958) The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Hua. B. G. (1995). Residential construction demand forecasting using economic indicators: a comparative study of artificial neural networks and multiple regression School of Building and Estate Management, National University of Singapore ILO Geneva (2001), The construction industry in the twenty first century: Its image, employment prospects and skill requirements, International Labor Office Geneva Lean, S. C. (2001), Empirical tests to discern linkages between construction and other economic sectors in Singapore, Construction Management and Economics, 13, 253-262 290 How to cite Impact of the Construction Industry to Its Nation, Papers

Compare what happens to the two girls and the attitudes they have and other people have towards it Essay Example For Students

Compare what happens to the two girls and the attitudes they have and other people have towards it Essay Cousin Kate was Set and written in the mid 1800s and set in rural England. The Seduction was written in 1985 for the Young Observer poetry competition, which it won first prize. It was written when she was seventeen. In The Seduction a girl goes to a party with the intention of finding a nice boy next door boyfriend. She meets a boy who takes her to the grimy, putrid Birkenhead docks. He seems like the complete opposite to her, he does not have any plans for the future, and truants school and spends his time sniffing paint thinner by the docks reading his dads magazines. She seems to have things more planned out, as she talks to him about her O levels and school. He pulls a bottle of vodka out of his bag and gets her drunk. He talks with her and gains her trust and then has sex with her. She then discovers she is pregnant 3 months later. In the poem Cousin Kate the narrator is a cottage maiden. She is quite content with her life and happy the way she is. One day the Lord of the manor discovers her. He thinks she is beautiful and lured her back to his home. The Lord exploited her and treated her as a plaything but she allowed him to do it because she was in love. The Lord saw her cousin Kate and thought she was much fairer and prettier and cast the narrator aside and married Kate instead. The narrator was left an outcast because she was then an unmarried mother. She became bitter and resentful towards Kate because she felt she loved the Lord, and Kate didnt, Kate only loved his wealth. The narrator also felt that if she had been in a similar situation she would not have betrayed her own blood and would have spit in his face than taken his hand. But she loves her son and calls him her shame and her pride. She knows that the Lord needs an heir and calls her son a gift that Kate is not likely to get. In The Seduction the girl was hoping to find a nice boyfriend, which all her magazines had promised. She talks about all the parties where you meet the boy next door She was looking for a relationship and the kind of romances she had been promised in her magazines. She wears her high white shoes with the intention of looking older. The boy she meets had come for a different reason entirely. He had come for sex. He had even come prepared with alcohol to get his victim drunk and Listerine so he wouldnt put the girl off with his smoky breath at the crucial moment. He occupied her with idle chatting, to gain her false assurance, and slowly got her drunk with his vodka, so she would think she was in love with him. He seduces her in a filthy damp dock. The story becomes more tragic when he talks about truanting, sniffing paint thinner. They are a similar age but he has nothing to lose, and will not end up losing anything, whereas the girl will lose her education, her reputation and more importantly, her childhood from this. Three months later when she discovers her pregnancy, she doesnt feel bitter towards the boy, but towards her magazines. She feels angry at her teenage magazines because they broke their promises of romance and love. She takes her frustration out on her high white shoes And on that day she broke the heels of her high white shoes (as she flung them at the wall) In comparison the narrator in Cousin Kate was content with her life and didnt have the need to find a boyfriend. But the similarity between the two women is that their partners exploited them both. They both thought they were in love, even if it was only induced by the alcohol that the boy was giving her. The poem says: As he brought her more drinks, so she fell in love. (The Seduction) In the poem Cousin Kate the narrator says, Why did a great lord find me out to fill my heart with care? (Cousin Kate) Both men in the poems had the same attitudes towards the women. They regarded them almost as toys. In Cousin Kate it refers to her as His plaything and his love. The narrator also says He wore me like a silken knot, and changed me like a glove This suggests that the lords attitude towards the narrator was more that she was a plaything, and that he paid attention to her when he wanted to, and would discard her when he wanted. In the narrators view, he treated her more like a whore, than someone he loved and respected. The boy in The Seduction also thought very little of the girl. In the poem it says: She giggled drunk, and nervous, and he muttered little slag The difference between the two women is that in Cousin Kate the narrator was left by the lord because he saw Kate, who was younger, prettier, and purer. In the case of the girl in The seduction, it does not seem likely that he had any intention of pursuing a relationship with her. Another similarity between the two women is that they both felt like outcasts and worried what their neighbours thought of them. The neighbours call you good and pure, call me an outcast thing; (Cousin Kate) The neighbours whisper that youd always looked the type (The Seduction) The narrator in Cousin Kate is called an outcast thing, almost as if she has fallen so low that she can only be described as a thing. The narrator in Cousin Kate felt resentful towards both the lord and Kate. But she seemed more distressed that her own cousin had betrayed her and she is bitter that Kate doesnt even love him. The girl in The seduction seems more bitter about her high white shoes and her teenage magazines. She feels disillusioned and cheated by the promise of it all because she read all the romanticised stories of love and what it should all be like. She calls them stupid, stupid promises, only tacitly made. She feels like she has been lied to, and the night drunken on the dirty docks should have been a glass of lager shandy on a carpeted floor. She does not seem to be concerned that it was the boy who had taken advantage of her by getting her drunk. Poetry Analysis Analysis EssayHe saw you at your fathers gate, Chose you cast me by. The lord was in a position of power and respect so it would not matter if he had sex with a lot of women, and this is why he could get away with it. In the period in which the poem was set, women did not have as much power as men did and this probably explains some of his behaviour. Women were seen more as people who had and looked after children, so he would have thought he was higher up than she was, which he was because he was a lord, but I think some of his attitude was probably due to the views towards women in that era. In The Seduction the boy did not think much of the girl, and had come to the party with the intention of sleeping with one of the girls. As he was filling her with his vodka, he called her a little slag, even though she had probably never done anything like this in her life, and he was the one corrupting her. I think this shows that he thinks she is stupid for going along with it and has not got much respect for her. The boy was probably attracted to the girl because he had danced with her all night, but he did not had any intentions of pursuing a relationship. The girl was most likely one of a long list of girls he had done this to. He seems to know what he was doing, and had everything planned out. He had brought Listerine, vodka, and he even knew where to take her. To him she was just another girl. In Cousin Kate the neighbours think the narrator is an outcast thing. They think Kate is good and pure. They call the narrator a thing as if she is not a human being. They show no sympathy towards her, despite the fact that it was the lord who had got her pregnant and left her for Kate. The neighbours think she is dirty and this is all her own fault. They think this way because of the social stigma at the time about unmarried mothers, which is still around nearly a hundred and fifty years later when The seduction was written. In The Seduction the girls neighbours judged her before they even knew the situation. In the poem it tells the reader that: the neighbours whisper that you always look the type. They thought that she was the kind of girl who had sex with a lot of boys and then ended up pregnant. This is not surprising because when a young woman like her falls pregnant, people always think they are the type of person that sleeps around. They jumped straight to this conclusion even though she had never done anything like this, had never had a boyfriend, and it was him who corrupted her. But I think that was the norm at the time, and still is sometimes, to take that attitude towards unmarried or single mothers. The things in Cousin Kate which make it recognisable as Victorian are the settings, the language, the attitudes of the characters and their action and the attitude of the poem towards its subject. Some of the language in the poem is immediately recognisable as Victorian such as woes me joy thereof flaxen hair and O Lady Kate. These words are not now in common usage, and have been replaced with modem alternatives, which is why they stand out so much. The attitudes of the characters such as the lord and the neighbours are also typical of the period. The way that an heir is so important to him, the way he treats the narrator and the effect his power has among the common people are all traits which today would not mean as much. The attitudes of the neighbours stand out because the attitude that unmarried mothers are outcast things is not as strong anymore. The fact that the lord is not criticized for what he did, because he is a man, and he is in power is a also recognisable because nowadays people in power or in the public eye are no longer feared as much, and people will criticise them more openly. Kate would not have been so anxious to have a son for the lord and would not have betrayed her cousin so she could marry the lord and be rich, unless she was a malicious person. The setting is quite recognisable as Victorian because they worked among the rye and lived in cottages. The narrator also refers to herself as a cottage maiden. The things which make The Seduction recognisable as 1980s are the events, the personalities, and the comics which the girl reads. The things that the boy and girl talk about are instantly recognisable as 1980s, such as when the boy was talking about football and Sammy Lee and Ian Rush and the Milk Cup and the McGuigan fight. The girl talks about her O levels, which we do not have anymore and the magazines she reads, like My Guy and Jackie are also from that time. The attitude towards the girls pregnancy is also typical of the time. Despite the gap of nearly one hundred and fifty years between them, I think that the poems are still very similar. They both describe the social stigma surrounding teenage pregnancies and unmarried mothers. They both show that despite the situation, it is always the woman who ends up with the blame. The narrator in Cousin Kate was labelled an outcast thing and the girl in The Seduction was whispered about, even though it was the boy who had taken advantage of her. Even though a hundred and fifty years had passed since Cousin Kate had been written, people still had the same ideas about teenage/single mothers. The attitude I pick up from these poems is that it is looked down on for women to become single mothers, and it is wrong for women to have sex with a lot of people, but for a man it is acceptable, and no label or shame is placed upon him.